Emulsifying method



C. F. CHAPMAN 3 Sheet$$heet 1 EMULSIFYING METHOD Original Filed April 23, 1932 March 10, 1936.

March 10, 1936. c. F. CHAPMAN EMULS IFYING- METHOD 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed April 23, 1932 i i III/IIIII/I/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIIIII/IIIII/I/l/IA Patented Mar. 1 0, 1936 PATENT OFFICE EMULSIFYING llIETHOD Charles F. Chapman, Chicago, 111., assignor to Kraft-Phenix Cheese Corporation, Chicago, 111.,

u a corporation of Delaware Original application April 23, 1932, Serial N Divided and this. application February 21, 1933, Serial No. 5mm r 1 Claim. (01. 99-11) This application is a-division of my pending application Serial No. 607,035, filed April 23, 1932, and the invention involved herein relates to an improved emulsifying method which is susceptible to use in the production of many varied kinds of emulsified products. although designed particularly for the purpose of making salad dressing, particularly the kind ordinarily known as mayonnaise.

The objects of the inventionare to provide a continuous process for making an emulsified product; to provide a process or method of making an emulsified product which will produce a product of uniform desired consistency; to provide a method such as referred to which will speed up the production of the emulsified product; and in general, it is the object of the invention to provide an improved method or process for making an emulsified product. 7

Other objects and advantages of the inventionv will be understood by reference to the following specification and accompanying drawings (3 sheets) in which apparatus is illustrated for carrying out the improved method in making mayonnaise.

In the drawings:-

Fi 1 is a side elevation;

Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the apparatus, the plane of this section being indicated by the line 2-2 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 3 is a detail section;

Fig. 4'is a plan section on the line 4-4 of Figs.

Fig. 5 is a plan section corresponding to aportion of Fig. 4, but showing a changedposition of a rotary element; and s Fig. fi'is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 2.

Referring now to the drawings, the apparatus therein disclosed includes an upright or vertical tank or receptacle II) which is suitably supported on a: base or frame II and surrounded for the major portion of its length by a water jacket l2 whereby the temperature of the material within the receptacle I may be controlled. 'Inlet and outlet connections H3- and [2 respectively afford communication with the jacket i2 whereby warm or cool water or other fiuid may be circulated in the jacket. I u

The receptacle I0 is preferably a multL-sided receptacle, in this instance G-sided or hexagonal in plan as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The use of a multi-sided receptacle such as just mentioned offers considerable advantage over a plain roundreceptacle by reason of a sort of kneading or rolling effect produced in the material emulsified which is emphasized probably because of the sweeping action of an agitator element, presently to be described, past the comer pockets of the receptacle.

The receptacle is provided with top and bottom closures I3 and M respectively which are suitably secured to the receptacle, .and'the said end closures are provided with suitable bosses such as indicated at l for housing anti-friction bearing IS in which the shaft H of an agitator is rotatably mounted at its opposite ends.

The agitator includes, in this instance, a plurality of vertically spaced sets or series of beater pins. l8. Each set or series of beater pins l8 consists of a plurality of beater pins, in this instance 6, which extend radially outwardly from the shaft ll, the said pins being mounted on the shaft in this instance through the agency of a wood sleeve or collar l9 which is secured to the shaft for rotation therewith in any suitable manner.

A plurality of sets or series of normally stationary beater pins 20 extend inwardly from the sides of the receptacle, these sets being also arranged in vertically spaced relation intermediate the sets or series of rotatable beater pins it. As will be understood from an inspection of Figs. 2 and 4, each layer or set of beater pins 20 consists of a plurality of such pins, in this instance 6, which extend radially inwardly from the respective side walls of the receptacle.

measuring apparatus may be associated with the emulsifying apparatus proper. Hoppers 22, 23, and 2| for holding supplies of oil, egg, and vinegar respectively, are provided. These hoppers are preferably made as a single unit as indicated in Fig. 6, and has secured to its lower end,

a multiple valve member 25. This valve element includes a cylindrical chamber 26which has openings such as indicated at 21 for communicating with the respectivesupply hoppers. A valve core 28 is rotatably mounted in the cylinder 26 and is 7, provided with cut-out portions such as indicated at 29 which register with. the openings 21 and with corresponding discharge openings such as 30. Another opening or cut-out 29 in the valve a suitable connection to a source of clean air.

The last mentioned valve opening 29 also reg isters with an outlet opening 30 in the valve body 25. The respective valve core passageways 29 and 29 also communicate through suitable openings in the valve body 25 with measuring cylinders 3| within which are disposed suitable pump pistons 32.

The pump pistons 32 are connected by means of suitable connecting rods or links to a bar 33 which is carried in the upper ends of a pair of rock arms 34. The rock arms 34 are connected together for unitary rocking movement about a pivot 35 on the main frame ll. The arms 34 are adapted to be rocked by means of an eccentric 36 on a suitably driven shaft 31, the rock lever and eccentric being connected by means of a connecting rod 38.

The valve core is adapted to be rocked through the agency of a lever 39 which is connected to one end of the valve core as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 6, a link 40 which extends between the free end of the lever 39, and the free end of another lever 4| which is'pivoted as indicated at 42 on the main frame II, and a cam 43 which is carried by the shaft 31 and operatively connected to the arm or lever 4| through the agency of a cam collar 44 which is mounted on the said arm 4|.

By inspection of Fig. 2, it will be seen that when the valve core is in the position there illustrated and the pump pistons 32 move outwardly in the respective cylinders, the respective cylinders will be filled with material drawn from the respective hoppers. When the pump piston 32 is in its outermost position, the valve core 28 is turned by the described mechanism so as to close the openings 21 between the hoppers and the measuring pumps and to establish communication between the measuring pumps and outlets 30 and 30. Then when the pistons are reciprocated inwardly, the quantity of material in front of the piston is forced into the emulsifying receptacle, suitable conduits being provided for conveying the respective ingredients from the measuring pumpto the receptacle.

In this instance, the main or basic ingredients of the emulsified product (egg and oil) are carried by conduits 45 and 46 to'suitable inlet openings in the bottom of the receptacle as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The air from one of the measuring pumps is preferably injected into the interior air into the emulsified content of the receptacle.

The inlet pipe 41 is of a size comparable with one of the stationary beater pins 20 and is substituted therefor. The air outlet element 41 is connected by means of a suitable conduit 49 with the air pump.

In the production of mayonnaise, an ingredient such as vinegar may be added but it is desirable to add such ingredient near the end of the emulsiably in the form of a tube having a closed end and an outlet slot 48 through which the ingredient is discharged into the emulsified content of the receptacle. As indicated in the drawings, the inlet 50 is connected by a conduit 5| with its proper measuring pump.

As above indicated, it is not desired to continue to any material extent an emulsifying agitation or beating of the product after an ingredient such as vinegar is added. However, it is important to eflect uniform distribution of such ingredientin series of beater or mixing pins 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, and 51 are provided on the upper end of the rotating sleeve I9. As will be understood from an inspection of Fig. 2, this series of mixing pins is arranged in a spiral fashion about the sleeve l9.

There are no stationary beater pins such as 20 in the upper or mixing zone of the receptacle l0; and hence, the mixing pins just mentioned have only a gentle stirring-in action on the last injected ingredient instead of an emulsifying effect. It will now be understood that the basic ingredients of the emulsified product to be made are introduced into the bottom of the receptacle, and that these ingredients are gradually and thoroughly emulsified as they progress upwardly as an incident to the introduction of successive qualities of such ingredients. It is preferable that the arrangement be such that a fairly complete emulsification be accomplished before the product reaches the air inlet 47. The beater pins i8 and 20 disposed about the air inlet 41 then serve to efiectively distribute the air uniformly throughout the material in the receptacle within the zone of action of the beater pins above the said air inlet. Of course, the beater pins in this upper zone of action serve to improve the emulsification, while also beating in the air as described. For testing the quality of the emulsification at about the level of the air inlet 41, a tap 58 may be provided for facilitating the drawing off of a sample of the emulsification.

An outlet spout 59 is provided at the upper end of the receptacle and it will be apparent that in view of the successive introduction of quantities of the material emulsified, there will be a constant flow of the emulsified product out of the upper end of the receptacle. Hence, the apparatus described serves to carry on a continuous process of emulsification. It will be apparent that the emulsifying efi'ect obtained in the above described apparatus may be controlled by varying the number and spacing of the rotary and stationary beater pins; for example, the emulsifying effect of the rotary agitator is almost entirely eliminated the emulsified product, and for this purpose, a

in the upper portion of the receptacle where the last series of rotary beater pins 52 to 51 inclusive serve only to effect a gentle mixing of the last added ingredient to the emulsified product. Hence, it may be said that the described apparatus is adjustable to control the degree of emulsiflcation effected.

Changes in the described structure and adaptations thereof to the production of various emulsifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which should be determined by reference to the following claim, the same being'construed as broadly as possible consistent with the state of the art.

I claim as my invention:-

The continuous process of making an edible emulsified product such as mayonnaise which consists in injecting measured quantities of the basic ingredients of the product into a receptacle, subjecting such ingredients in the receptacle simultaneously to beating and kneadingaction to effect en ulsification thereof, successively and periodically injecting additional measured quantities of said ingredients, thereby to cause the ingredients in the receptacle to advance therein step-by-step and to be subjected at successive stages in the receptacle to emulsifying action,

introducing a predetermined quantity of suitable gas into the ingredients in the receptacle and effecting distribution thereof throughout said ingredients as an incident to said emulsifying action and, at a point adjacent an outlet in the receptacle for the emulsified product, injecting a predetermined amoimt of vinegar or the like and gently stirring the latter into the product.

CHARLES F. CHAPMAN. 

